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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Intelligence_field" title="Intelligence field">Intelligence field</a><br> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><span class="nobold">and</span> <a href="Intelligence_(information)" title="Intelligence (information)">Intelligence</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert-image notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Phases of Intelligence</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Intelligence_cycle" title="Intelligence cycle">Intelligence cycle</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_cycle_management" title="Intelligence cycle management">Intelligence cycle management</a></li>

<li><a href="Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_assessment" title="Intelligence assessment">Intelligence assessment</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_analysis" title="Intelligence analysis">Intelligence analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_collection_plan" title="Intelligence collection plan">Intelligence collection plan</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Framework</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Agent_handling" title="Agent handling">Agent handling</a></li>

<li><a href="Blowback_(intelligence)" title="Blowback (intelligence)">Blowback (intelligence)</a></li>

<li><a href="Clandestine_HUMINT_operational_techniques" title="Clandestine HUMINT operational techniques">Clandestine HUMINT operational techniques</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_espionage" title="History of espionage">History of espionage</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_failure" title="Intelligence failure">Intelligence failure</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_requirement" title="Intelligence requirement">Intelligence requirement</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_law" title="Intelligence law">Intelligence law</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_studies" title="Intelligence studies">Intelligence studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_sharing" title="Intelligence sharing">Intelligence sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Recruitment_of_spies" title="Recruitment of spies">Recruitment of spies</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_sector_governance_and_reform" title="Security sector governance and reform">Security sector governance and reform</a></li>

<li><a href="Total_Espionage_doctrine" title="Total Espionage doctrine">Total Espionage doctrine</a></li>

<li><a href="Treason" title="Treason">Treason</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Areas of Intelligence</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Raw_intelligence" title="Raw intelligence">Raw intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="All-source_intelligence" title="All-source intelligence">All-source intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Counterintelligence" title="Counterintelligence">Counterintelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Military intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Clandestine_human_intelligence" title="Clandestine human intelligence">Clandestine human intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_intelligence_(intelligence_gathering)" title="Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)">Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)</a></li>

<li><a href="Technical_intelligence" title="Technical intelligence">Technical intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyber_threat_intelligence" title="Cyber threat intelligence">Cyber threat intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Medical_intelligence" title="Medical intelligence">Medical intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">Signals intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_intelligence" title="Open-source intelligence">Open-source intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Imagery_intelligence" title="Imagery intelligence">Imagery intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Acoustical_intelligence" title="Acoustical intelligence">Acoustical intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_outsourcing" title="Intelligence outsourcing">Intelligence outsourcing</a></li>

<li><a href="Basic_intelligence" title="Basic intelligence">Basic intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Strategic_intelligence" title="Strategic intelligence">Strategic intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Criminal_intelligence" title="Criminal intelligence">Criminal intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Measurement_and_signature_intelligence" title="Measurement and signature intelligence">Measurement and signature intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Communications_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications intelligence">Communications intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic intelligence">Electronic intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_instrumentation_signals_intelligence" title="Foreign instrumentation signals intelligence">Foreign instrumentation signals intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Telemetry_intelligence" title="Telemetry intelligence">Telemetry intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_Intelligence_Officer" title="Air Intelligence Officer">Air intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Naval intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyber_espionage" title="Cyber espionage">Cyber espionage</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_espionage" title="Nuclear espionage">Nuclear espionage</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexpionage" title="Sexpionage">Sexpionage</a></li>

<li><a href="Tradecraft" title="Tradecraft">Tradecraft</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Corporate sector</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Industrial_espionage" title="Industrial espionage">Industrial espionage</a></li>

<li><a href="Marketing_intelligence" title="Marketing intelligence">Marketing intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Market_intelligence" title="Market intelligence">Market intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Business_intelligence" title="Business intelligence">Business intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Commercial_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial intelligence">Commercial intelligence</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Intelligence_officer" title="Intelligence officer">Intelligence officer</a></li>

<li><a href="Asset_(intelligence)" title="Asset (intelligence)">Asset (intelligence)</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_community_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Intelligence community (disambiguation)">Intelligence community</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">Intelligence agency</a></li>

<li><a href="Private_intelligence_agency" title="Private intelligence agency">Private intelligence agency</a></li>

<li><a href="Cover_(intelligence_gathering)" title="Cover (intelligence gathering)">Cover (intelligence gathering)</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (disambiguation)">Foreign Intelligence Service</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_attach%C3%A9" title="Military attaché">Military attaché</a></li>

<li><a href="Mole_(espionage)" title="Mole (espionage)">Mole (espionage)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cutout_(espionage)" title="Cutout (espionage)">Cutout (espionage)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sleeper_agent" title="Sleeper agent">Sleeper agent</a></li>

<li><a href="Atomic_spies" title="Atomic spies">Atomic spies</a></li>

<li><a href="Resident_spy" title="Resident spy">Resident spy</a></li>

<li><a href="Espionage_organizations" title="Espionage organizations">Espionage organizations</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Intelligence_literature" title="Intelligence literature">Intelligence literature</a></li>

<li><a href="Spy_fiction" title="Spy fiction">Spy fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Spy_Museum" title="International Spy Museum">International Spy Museum</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_library" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA library">CIA library</a></li>

<li><a href="Kryptos" title="Kryptos">Kryptos</a></li>

<li><a href="OSS_Society" title="OSS Society">OSS Society</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_Museum" title="CIA Museum">CIA Museum</a></li>

<li><a href="Stasimuseum" title="Stasimuseum">Stasimuseum</a></li>

<li><a href="Bletchley_Park" title="Bletchley Park">Bletchley Park</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Cold_War_Museum" title="The Cold War Museum">The Cold War Museum</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Intelligence_Summit" title="The Intelligence Summit">The Intelligence Summit</a></li>

<li><a href="Spyscape" title="Spyscape">Spyscape</a></li>

<li><a href="Spy_Museum_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy Museum Berlin">Spy Museum Berlin</a></li>

<li><a href="Spy_Museum_(Tampere)" title="Spy Museum (Tampere)">Spy Museum (Tampere)</a></li>

<li><a href="KGB_Espionage_Museum" title="KGB Espionage Museum">KGB Espionage Museum</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Tools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Sentient_(intelligence_analysis_system)" title="Sentient (intelligence analysis system)">Sentient (intelligence analysis system)</a></li>

<li><a href="Concealment_device" title="Concealment device">Concealment device</a></li>

<li><a href="Stone_Ghost" title="Stone Ghost">Stone Ghost</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinwale" title="Pinwale">Pinwale</a></li>

<li><a href="Microdot" title="Microdot">Microdot</a></li>

<li><a href="Threat_Intelligence_Platform" title="Threat Intelligence Platform">Threat Intelligence Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Thing_(listening_device)" title="The Thing (listening device)">The Thing</a></li>

<li><a href="Enigma_machine" title="Enigma machine">Enigma machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Synthetic_Environment_for_Analysis_and_Simulations" title="Synthetic Environment for Analysis and Simulations">Synthetic Environment for Analysis and Simulations</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_intelligence_agencies" title="List of intelligence agencies">List of intelligence agencies</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_intelligence_gathering_disciplines" title="List of intelligence gathering disciplines">List of intelligence gathering disciplines</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_intelligence_and_espionage%E2%80%93related_awards_and_decorations" title="List of intelligence and espionage–related awards and decorations">List of awards</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_defunct_intelligence_agencies" title="List of defunct intelligence agencies">List of defunct intelligence agencies</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Counterintelligence_state" title="Counterintelligence state">Counterintelligence state</a></li>

<li><a href="National_security" title="National security">National security</a></li>

<li><a href="Surveillance" title="Surveillance">Surveillance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Global_surveillance" title="Global surveillance">Global surveillance</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Disguise" title="Disguise">Disguise</a></li>

<li><a href="Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">Reconnaissance</a></li>

<li><a href="Target_acquisition" title="Target acquisition">Target acquisition</a></li>

<li><a href="Assassination" title="Assassination">Assassination</a></li>

<li><a href="Criminal_investigation" title="Criminal investigation">Criminal investigation</a></li>

<li><a href="Codebreaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Codebreaking">Codebreaking</a></li>

<li><a href="Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphology" title="Graphology">Graphology</a></li>

<li><a href="Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">Paramilitary</a></li>

<li><a href="Cybersecurity" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<p>In the United States, <b>geospatial intelligence</b> (<b>GEOINT</b>) is <a href="Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">intelligence</a> about the human activity on Earth derived from the exploitation and <a href="Intelligence_analysis" title="Intelligence analysis">analysis</a> of imagery, signals, or signatures with <a href="Geospatial_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Geospatial information">geospatial information</a>. GEOINT describes, assesses, and visually depicts physical features and geographically referenced activities on the Earth. GEOINT, as defined in US Code, consists of imagery, <a href="Imagery_intelligence" title="Imagery intelligence">imagery intelligence</a> (IMINT) and <a href="Geospatial" class="mw-redirect" title="Geospatial">geospatial</a> information.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>GEOINT knowledge and related tradecraft is no longer confined to the <a href="United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">U.S. government</a>, or even the world's leading military powers. Additionally, countries such as India are holding GEOINT-specific conferences. While other countries may define geospatial intelligence somewhat differently than does the U.S., the use of GEOINT data and services is the same.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Geospatial Intelligence can also be referred to as "Location Intelligence". Although GEOINT is inclusive, HYDROSPATIAL is preferably used to refer and to focus on the aquatic and coastal zones spatial elements.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amplified_definition">Amplified definition</h2></div>

<dl><dd><i>GEOINT encompasses all aspects of imagery (including capabilities formerly referred to as Advanced Geospatial Intelligence and imagery-derived <a href="Measurement_and_signature_intelligence" title="Measurement and signature intelligence">Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT)</a> and <a href="Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">geospatial information and services (GIS)</a>; formerly referred to as mapping, charting, and geodesy). It includes, but is not limited to, data ranging from the ultraviolet through the microwave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as information derived from the analysis of literal imagery; geospatial data; <a href="Georeferenced" class="mw-redirect" title="Georeferenced">georeferenced</a> social media; and information technically derived from the processing, exploitation, literal, and non-literal analysis of spectral, spatial, temporal, radiometric, phase history, polarimetric data, fused products (products created out of two or more data sources), and the ancillary data needed for data processing and exploitation, and signature information (to include development, validation, simulation, data archival, and dissemination). These types of data can be collected on stationary and moving targets by electro-optical (to include <a href="Thermography" title="Thermography">IR</a>, <a href="MWIR" class="mw-redirect" title="MWIR">MWIR</a>, <a href="Short-wavelength_infrared" class="mw-redirect" title="Short-wavelength infrared">SWIR</a> TIR [Thermal Infrared Range], <a href="Spectral_imaging" title="Spectral imaging">Spectral</a>, <a href="Multispectral_imaging" title="Multispectral imaging">MSI</a>, <a href="Hyperspectral_imaging" title="Hyperspectral imaging">HSI</a>, <a href="High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">HD</a>), <a href="Synthetic-aperture_radar" title="Synthetic-aperture radar">SAR</a> (to include <a href="Moving_target_indication" title="Moving target indication">MTI</a>), related sensor programs (both active and passive) and non-technical means (to include geospatial information acquired by personnel in the field).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></dd></dl>

<p>Here Geospatial Intelligence, or the frequently used term <b>GEOINT</b>, is an <a href="List_of_intelligence_gathering_disciplines" title="List of intelligence gathering disciplines">intelligence discipline</a> comprising the exploitation and analysis of <a href="Geospatial" class="mw-redirect" title="Geospatial">geospatial</a> data and information to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features (both natural and constructed) and geographically reference activities on the Earth. Geospatial Intelligence data sources include imagery and mapping data, whether collected by commercial satellite, government satellite, aircraft (such as <a href="Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Unmanned Aerial Vehicles</a> [UAV] or reconnaissance aircraft), or by other means, such as maps and commercial databases, census information, <a href="GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> waypoints, utility schematics, or any discrete data that have locations on earth. There is growing recognition that human geography,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> socio-cultural intelligence,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other aspects of the human domain<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a critical domain of GEOINT data due to the now pervasive geo-referencing of demographic, ethnographic, and political stability data. There is an emerging recognition that "this legal definition paints with a broad brushstroke an idea of the width and depth of GEOINT"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "GEOINT must evolve even further to integrate forms of intelligence and information beyond the traditional sources of geospatial information and imagery, and must move from an emphasis on data and analysis to an emphasis on knowledge."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principles">Principles</h2></div>

<p>Key terms, such as GEOINT and <a href="National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">NGA</a>, were developed for public policy purposes. The NIMA Act of 1996 establishing the National Imagery and Mapping Agency. This resulted in the integration of multiple sources of information, intelligence and trade crafts into NIMA, which subsequently became NGA. Then Director <a href="James_Clapper" title="James Clapper">James Clapper</a> (2001–2006) designated this discipline as GEOINT, in the ilk of <a href="Imagery_intelligence" title="Imagery intelligence">IMINT</a>, <a href="Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">SIGINT</a>, <a href="Measurement_and_signature_intelligence" title="Measurement and signature intelligence">MASINT</a>, <a href="Human_intelligence_(intelligence_gathering)" title="Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)">HUMINT</a>.

</p><p>The question as to how GEOINT is different from other geospatial analytic activities is occasionally asked. Bacastow<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggested the following First Principles as markers that define the professional domain in terms of uniqueness and value. These are:

</p>

<ul><li>GEOINT, rooted in the geospatial sciences, geospatial technologies and a tradecraft that seeks knowledge to achieve a decision advantage. Achieving a decision advantage may result in or require information <a href="Denial_and_deception" title="Denial and deception">denial and deception (D&D)</a>.</li>

<li>Analysis occurs as a human-machine team.</li>

<li>GEOINT reveals how human action is constrained by the physical landscape and human perceptions of Earth.</li>

<li>GEOINT seeks to anticipate patterns of life through time.</li>

<li>The data and technical systems reflect human biases.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geospatial_data,_information,_and_knowledge">Geospatial data, information, and knowledge</h2></div>

<p>The definitions and usage of the terms geospatial data, geospatial information, and geospatial knowledge are not consistent or unambiguous, further exacerbating the situation. Geospatial data can (usually) be applied to the output of a collector or collection system before it is processed, i.e., data that was sensed. Geospatial Information is geospatial data that has been processed or had value added to it by a human or machine process. Geospatial knowledge is a structuring of geospatial information, accompanied by an interpretation or analysis. The terms Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom (<a href="DIKW_pyramid" title="DIKW pyramid">DIKW pyramid</a>) are difficult to define, but cannot be used interchangeably.

</p><p>Generally, geospatial intelligence can be more readily defined as, data, information, and knowledge gathered about entities that can be referenced to a particular location on, above, or below the Earth's surface. The intelligence gathering method can include imagery, signals, measurements and signatures, and human sources, i.e., IMINT, SIGINT, MASINT, and HUMINT, as long as a geo-location can be associated with the intelligence.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_to_other_"INT"">Relationship to other "INT"</h2></div>

<p>Thus, rather than being a peer to the other "INT", geospatial intelligence might better be viewed as the unifying structure of the Earth's natural and constructed features (including elevations and depths)—whether as individual layers in a GIS or as composited into a map or chart, imagery representations of the Earth, AND, the presentation of the existence of data, information, and knowledge derived from analysis of <a href="IMINT" class="mw-redirect" title="IMINT">IMINT</a>, <a href="SIGINT" class="mw-redirect" title="SIGINT">SIGINT</a>, <a href="MASINT" class="mw-redirect" title="MASINT">MASINT</a>, <a href="HUMINT" class="mw-redirect" title="HUMINT">HUMINT</a>, and other intelligence sources and disciplines.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_factors">Other factors</h2></div>

<p>It has been suggested that GEOINT is just a new term used to identify a broad range of outputs from intelligence organizations that use a variety of existing spatial skills and disciplines including <a href="Photogrammetry" title="Photogrammetry">photogrammetry</a>, <a href="Cartography" title="Cartography">cartography</a>, <a href="Imagery_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagery analysis">imagery analysis</a>, <a href="Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, and <a href="Terrain_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrain analysis">terrain analysis</a>. However, GEOINT is more than the sum of these parts. Spatial thinking as applied in Geospatial Intelligence can synthesize any intelligence or other data that can be conceptualized in a geographic spatial context. Geospatial Intelligence can be derived entirely independent of any satellite or aerial imagery and can be clearly differentiated from <a href="IMINT" class="mw-redirect" title="IMINT">IMINT</a> (imagery intelligence). Confusion and dissension is caused by Title 10 U.S. Code §467's separation of "imagery" or "satellite information" from "geospatial information" as imagery is generally considered just one of the forms which geospatial information might take or be derived from.

</p><p>It has also been suggested that geospatial intelligence can be described as a product occurring at the point of delivery, i.e., by the amount of analysis which occurs to resolve particular problems, not by the type of data used. For example, a database containing a list of measurements of bridges obtained from imagery is 'information' while the development of an output using analysis to determine those bridges that are able to be utilized for specific purposes could be termed 'intelligence'. Similarly, the simple measurement of beach profiles is a classical geographic information-gathering activity, while the process of selecting a beach that matches a certain profile for a specific purpose is an analytical activity, and the output could be termed an intelligence product. In this form it is considered to be generally used by agencies requiring definitions of their outputs for descriptive and capability development purposes (or, more cynically, as a <a href="Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a> strategy).

</p><p>Geospatial intelligence analysis has been light-heartedly defined as "seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought" or as "anticipating a target's mental map."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these perspectives affirm that creating geospatial knowledge is an effortful cognitive process the analyst undertakes; it is an intellectual endeavor that arrives at a conclusion through reasoning. Geospatial reasoning creates the objective connection between a geospatial problem representation and geospatial evidence. Here one set of activities, <a href="Information_foraging" title="Information foraging">information foraging</a>, focuses around finding information while another set of activities, <a href="Sensemaking" title="Sensemaking">sensemaking</a>, focuses on giving meaning to the information. The activities of foraging and sensemaking in geospatial analysis have been incorporated in the <a href="Structured_Geospatial_Analytic_Method" title="Structured Geospatial Analytic Method">Structured Geospatial Analytic Method</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_facto_definition">De facto definition</h2></div>

<p>A <a href="De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> definition of geospatial intelligence, which is more reflective of the broad international nature of the discipline, is vastly different from the <i>de jure</i> definition expressed in U.S. Code. This <i>de facto</i> definition is:

</p>

<dl><dd><i>Geospatial Intelligence is a field of knowledge, a process, and a profession. As knowledge, it is information integrated in a coherent space-time context that supports descriptions, explanations, or forecasts of human activities with which decision makers take action. As a process, it is the means by which data and information are collected, manipulated, geospatially reasoned, and disseminated to decision-makers. The geospatial intelligence profession establishes the scope of activities, interdisciplinary associations, competencies, and standards in academe, government, and the private sectors.</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl>

<p>This has been suggested as an operational definition of Geospatial Intelligence which might use the moniker of <b>GeoIntel</b> so as to distinguish it from the more restrictive definition offered in U.S. Code Title 10, §467.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GEOINT_agencies">GEOINT agencies</h2></div>

<ul><li>Australia: <a href="Australian_Geospatial-Intelligence_Organisation" title="Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation">Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation</a> (AGO) formerly known as <a href="Defence_Imagery_and_Geospatial_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organisation">Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organisation</a> (DIGO)</li>

<li>Canada: Canadian Forces Joint Imagery Centre, an element of <a href="Canadian_Forces_Intelligence_Command" title="Canadian Forces Intelligence Command">Canadian Forces Intelligence Command</a> (CFINTCOM)</li>

<li>European Union: <a href="European_Union_Satellite_Centre" title="European Union Satellite Centre">European Union Satellite Centre</a> (EUSC)</li>

<li>New Zealand: GEOINT New Zealand (GNZ) formerly known as the Joint Geospatial Support Facility (JGSF)</li>

<li>Portugal: <a href="Centro_de_Informa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Geoespacial_do_Ex%C3%A9rcito" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro de Informação Geoespacial do Exército">Army Geospatial Intelligence Center</a> (CIGeoE)</li>

<li>United Kingdom: <a href="Defence_Geographic_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence Geographic Centre">Defence Geographic Centre</a> (DGC) and the <a href="Defence_Geospatial_Intelligence_Fusion_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence Geospatial Intelligence Fusion Centre">Defence Geospatial Intelligence Fusion Centre</a> (DGIFC)</li>

<li>USA: <a href="National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency</a> (NGA)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="US_Service_Fusion/GEOINT_Centers">US Service Fusion/GEOINT Centers</h2></div>

<ul><li>USA: <a href="Army_Geospatial_Center" title="Army Geospatial Center">Army Geospatial Center</a> (AGC)</li>

<li>USA: <a href="National_Air_and_Space_Intelligence_Center" title="National Air and Space Intelligence Center">National Air and Space Intelligence Center</a> (NASIC)</li>

<li>USA: <a href="National_Ground_Intelligence_Center" title="National Ground Intelligence Center">National Ground Intelligence Center</a> (NGIC)</li>

<li>USA: <a href="National_Maritime_Intelligence-Integration_Office" title="National Maritime Intelligence-Integration Office">National Maritime Intelligence-Integration Office</a> (NMIO)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GEOINT_units">GEOINT units</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a>: <a href="1st_Topographic_Survey_Squadron" title="1st Topographic Survey Squadron">1st Topographical Survey Squadron</a> (1 TOPO SVY SQN)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Homeland Security: Army Spatial Information Capabilities)</li>

<li><a href="United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>: <a href="United_States_Army_Space_and_Missile_Defense_Command" title="United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command">United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command</a> – Army Forces Strategic Command – Advanced Geospatial Intelligence (AGI) Node<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a>: <a href="1st_Topographic_Platoon" title="1st Topographic Platoon">1st Topographic Platoon</a> (1st TOPO)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="1st_Marine_Expeditionary_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Marine Expeditionary Force">1st Marine Expeditionary Force</a> – Marine Headquarters Group – <a href="1st_Intelligence_Battalion_(United_States)" title="1st Intelligence Battalion (United States)">1st Intelligence Battalion</a> – Production and Analysis Company)</li>

<li><a href="United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a>: 2nd Topographic Platoon (2nd TOPO)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="2nd_Marine_Expeditionary_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Marine Expeditionary Force">2nd Marine Expeditionary Force</a> – Marine Headquarters Group – <a href="2nd_Intelligence_Battalion" title="2nd Intelligence Battalion">2nd Intelligence Battalion</a> – Production and Analysis Company)</li>

<li><a href="United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a>: 3rd Topographic Platoon (3rd TOPO)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="3rd_Marine_Expeditionary_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Marine Expeditionary Force">3rd Marine Expeditionary Force</a> – Marine Headquarters Group – <a href="3rd_Intelligence_Battalion" title="3rd Intelligence Battalion">3rd Intelligence Battalion</a> – Production and Analysis Company)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="All-source_intelligence" title="All-source intelligence">All-source intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Dino_Brugioni" title="Dino Brugioni">Dino A. Brugioni</a> – pioneer of imagery intelligence (now called geospatial intelligence)</li>

<li><a href="ELINT" class="mw-redirect" title="ELINT">ELINT</a> – electronic intelligence</li>

<li><a href="Geomatics_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Geomatics engineering">Geomatics engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Geospatial_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Geospatial engineering">Geospatial engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Geographic_Information_Systems_in_Geospatial_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic Information Systems in Geospatial Intelligence">GIS in geospatial intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="HUMINT" class="mw-redirect" title="HUMINT">HUMINT</a> – human intelligence</li>

<li><a href="IMINT" class="mw-redirect" title="IMINT">IMINT</a> – imagery intelligence</li>

<li><a href="MASINT" class="mw-redirect" title="MASINT">MASINT</a> – measurement and signature intelligence</li>

<li><a href="Sentient_(intelligence_analysis_system)" title="Sentient (intelligence analysis system)">Sentient (intelligence analysis system)</a></li>

<li><a href="SIGINT" class="mw-redirect" title="SIGINT">SIGINT</a> – signals intelligence</li>

<li><a href="USGIF" class="mw-redirect" title="USGIF">USGIF</a> – US Geospatial Intelligence Foundation</li>

<li><a href="OSINT" class="mw-redirect" title="OSINT">OSINT</a> - Open-sourced intelligence</li>

<li><a href="SOCMINT" class="mw-redirect" title="SOCMINT">SOCMINT</a> - Social media intelligence</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/uscode/10/A/I/22/IV/467">"10 U.S.C. § 467 : US Code - Section 467: Definitions"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

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</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Memorandum for Principal Director of National Intelligence, Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Collection, from James R. Clapper, Lieutenant General, USAF (Ret.), Director [NGA] 17 October 2005, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwg.nga.mil/ntb/related/GEOINT_Definitions-Amplification_Memosigned.pdf">gwg.nga.mil</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303014713/https://gwg.nga.mil/ntb/related/GEOINT_Definitions-Amplification_Memosigned.pdf">Archived</a> 2021-03-03 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMurdockTomesTucker2014" class="citation web cs1">Murdock, Darryl; Tomes, Robert; Tucker, Chris, eds. (16 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Human-Geography-Socio-Cultural-Challenges-Monograph-ebook/dp/B00NOABP8E">"Human Geography: Socio-Cultural Dynamics and Challenges to Global Security"</a>. USGIF – via Amazon.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170130192311/http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/Parameters/Issues/Summer_2015/9_Tomes.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Issues/Summer_2015/9_Tomes.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150528160205/http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA495025.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA495025.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-05-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Masback, Keith (2010) GIF 2010 Volume: 8 Issue: 6 (September)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Priorities for GEOINT Research at the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, The National Academies Press, 2006, P. 9</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nga.mil/MediaRoom/Pathfinder/Pages/Archive.aspx">"Pathfinder Archive"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eijournal.com/print/column/defense-watch/defining-first-principles-of-geospatial-intelligence">"Defining 'First Principles' of Geospatial Intelligence « Earth Imaging Journal: Remote Sensing, Satellite Images, Satellite Imagery"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bacastow, Todd S. (2010). The Learner's Guide to Geospatial Analysis. Dutton Education Institute, Penn State University.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bridges, Donna M. (2010). A Structured Geospatial Analytic Method and Pedagogy for the Intelligence Community. International Association of Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysts (IALEIA) Journal. 19 (1).</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bacastow, T.S. and Bellafiore, D.J. (2009). Redefining geospatial intelligence. American Intelligence Journal. Pp 38-40</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070830014608/http://events.oesr.qld.gov.au/registrations.nsf/0373ee1284b08ec34a256d510021011d/9561c03a0f15e5644a256d5200031e3e/$FILE/1%20Topo%20Brief.pdf">"Events.oesr.qld.gov.au"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://events.oesr.qld.gov.au/registrations.nsf/0373ee1284b08ec34a256d510021011d/9561c03a0f15e5644a256d5200031e3e/$FILE/1%20Topo%20Brief.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-08-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-24</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smdc.army.mil/FactSheets/MASINTNode.pdf">SMDC.army.mil</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728104322/http://www.smdc.army.mil/FactSheets/MASINTNode.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-07-28 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.i-mef.usmc.mil/MHG/Intelbn/pna.asp">I-mef.usmc.mil</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090329203755/http://www.i-mef.usmc.mil/MHG/Intelbn/pna.asp">Archived</a> 2009-03-29 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iimefpublic.usmc.mil/public/iimefpublic.nsf/unitSites/2dIntelBn">Iimefpublic.usmc.mil</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207035905/http://www.iimefpublic.usmc.mil/public/iimefpublic.nsf/unitSites/2dIntelBn">Archived</a> 2008-12-07 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090328091249/http://www.iiimef.usmc.mil/3rdintel/index.html">"Iiimef.usmc.mil"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iiimef.usmc.mil/3rdintel/index.html">the original</a> on 2009-03-28.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dgieurope.com">DGI – Defence Geospatial Intelligence Conference</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geoint2008.com">GEOINT Symposium 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518175217/http://geoint2008.com/">Archived</a> 2021-05-18 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geoint2007.com">GEOINT Symposium 2007</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614025400/https://geoint2006.com/">GEOINT Symposium 2006</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geoint2005.com">GEOINT Symposium 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190610161053/http://geoint2005.com/">Archived</a> 2019-06-10 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.mil">National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070605152011/http://www.rsms.ac.uk/">Defence College of Intelligence Royal School of Military Survey (DCI RSMS)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201072651/http://geoint.missouri.edu/">Center for Geospatial Intelligence</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defence.gov.au/digo/">Australian Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organisation (DIGO)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcampus.psu.edu/degrees-and-certificates/geospatial-intelligence-certificate/overview">Penn State Graduate Certificate in Geospatial Intelligence</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109032754/http://www.geog.missouri.edu/?q=gis-certificate-program">University of Missouri - Undergraduate GEOINT Certificate Program</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fathom.global/academic-papers/a-30-m-global-map-of-elevation-with-forests-and-buildings-removed/">A 30m global map of elevation with forests and buildings removed</a></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="USAAF/USAF_UAV_designations_1924–1962,_tri-service_designations_1962–present675" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="USAAF/USAF_UAV_designations_1924–1962,_tri-service_designations_1962–present675" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a>/<a href="United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> <a href="Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAV</a> designations 1924–1962, <a href="1962_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designation_system" title="1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system">tri-service</a> designations 1962–present</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">USAAF designations<br><small>(1924-1947)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controllable bombs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Target control aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aerial target (subscale)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aerial target (full-scale)<sup><small>2</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">USAF designations<br><small>(1948-1962)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tri-service designations<br><small>(1962-present)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-sequential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><sup>1</sup> Not assigned</li>

<li><sup>2</sup> Not to be confused with the Attack or Amphibious aircraft sequences.</li>

<li><sup>3</sup> Assigned to multiple types</li>

<li>Drones designated in missile sequence</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Intelligence_management206" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Intelligence_management206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Intelligence_cycle_management" title="Intelligence cycle management">Intelligence management</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Intelligence_collection_management" title="Intelligence collection management">Collection</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Human_intelligence_(intelligence_gathering)" title="Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)">Human (HUMINT)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Special_reconnaissance" title="Special reconnaissance">Special reconnaissance</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Special_Reconnaissance_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Special Reconnaissance organizations">organizations</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Clandestine_human_intelligence" title="Clandestine human intelligence">Clandestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Recruitment_of_spies" title="Recruitment of spies">Asset recruiting</a></li>

<li><a href="Clandestine_cell_system" title="Clandestine cell system">Cell system</a></li>

<li><a href="Clandestine_HUMINT_and_covert_action" title="Clandestine HUMINT and covert action">Covert action</a></li>

<li><a href="Direct_action_(military)" title="Direct action (military)">Direct action</a></li>

<li><a href="Clandestine_HUMINT_operational_techniques" title="Clandestine HUMINT operational techniques">Operational techniques</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Espionage#Agents_in_espionage" title="Espionage">Agents</a>

<ul><li><a href="Field_agent" title="Field agent">field</a></li>

<li><a href="Agent_handling" title="Agent handling">handling</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Asset_(intelligence)" title="Asset (intelligence)">Asset</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Black operation">Black operation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Black_bag_operation" title="Black bag operation">black bag</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Concealment_device" title="Concealment device">Concealment device</a></li>

<li><a href="Cover_(intelligence_gathering)" title="Cover (intelligence gathering)">Cover</a></li>

<li><a href="Cryptography" title="Cryptography">Cryptography</a></li>

<li><a href="Cutout_(espionage)" title="Cutout (espionage)">Cutout</a></li>

<li><a href="Defection" title="Defection">Defection</a> / <a href="Turncoat" title="Turncoat">Turncoat</a></li>

<li><a href="Denial_and_deception" title="Denial and deception">Denial and deception</a></li>

<li><a href="Eavesdropping" title="Eavesdropping">Eavesdropping</a></li>

<li><a href="False_flag" title="False flag">False flag</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_espionage" title="Industrial espionage">Industrial espionage</a></li>

<li><a href="Interrogation" title="Interrogation">Interrogation</a></li>

<li><a href="Numbers_station" title="Numbers station">Numbers station</a></li>

<li><a href="One-way_voice_link" title="One-way voice link">One-way voice link</a></li>

<li><a href="Resident_spy" title="Resident spy">Resident spy</a></li>

<li><a href="Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a></li>

<li><a href="Surveillance" title="Surveillance">Surveillance</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">Signals (SIGINT)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Signals_intelligence_by_alliances%2C_nations_and_industries" title="Signals intelligence by alliances, nations and industries">By alliances, nations and industries</a></li>

<li><a href="Signals_intelligence_in_modern_history" title="Signals intelligence in modern history">In modern history</a></li>

<li><a href="Signals_intelligence_operational_platforms_by_nation" title="Signals intelligence operational platforms by nation">Operational platforms by nation</a></li>

<li><a href="Direction_finding" title="Direction finding">Direction finding</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_analysis" title="Traffic analysis">Traffic analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Tempest_(codename)" title="Tempest (codename)">TEMPEST</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Measurement_and_signature_intelligence" title="Measurement and signature intelligence">Measurement and<br>signature (MASINT)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Electro-optical_MASINT" title="Electro-optical MASINT">Electro-optical</a></li>

<li><a href="Geophysical_MASINT" title="Geophysical MASINT">Geophysical</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_MASINT" title="Nuclear MASINT">Nuclear</a></li>

<li><a href="Radar_MASINT" title="Radar MASINT">Radar</a></li>

<li><a href="Radiofrequency_MASINT" title="Radiofrequency MASINT">Radiofrequency</a></li>

<li><a href="Materials_MASINT" title="Materials MASINT">Materials</a></li>

<li><a href="Casualty_estimation" title="Casualty estimation">Casualty estimation</a> (<a href="Earthquake_casualty_estimation" title="Earthquake casualty estimation">earthquake</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Financial_intelligence" title="Financial intelligence">Financial (FININT)</a></li>

<li><a href="Imagery_intelligence" title="Imagery intelligence">Imagery (IMINT)</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_intelligence" title="Open-source intelligence">Open-source (OSINT)</a></li>

<li><a href="Technical_intelligence" title="Technical intelligence">Technical (TECHINT)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Intelligence_analysis_management" title="Intelligence analysis management">Analysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Analysis_of_competing_hypotheses" title="Analysis of competing hypotheses">Competing hypotheses</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_cycle_(target-centric_approach)" title="Intelligence cycle (target-centric approach)">Target-centric</a></li>

<li><a href="Words_of_estimative_probability" title="Words of estimative probability">Words of estimative probability</a></li>

<li><a href="All-source_intelligence" title="All-source intelligence">All-source intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Basic_intelligence" title="Basic intelligence">Basic intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_assessment" title="Intelligence assessment">Intelligence assessment</a></li>

<li><a href="Medical_intelligence" title="Medical intelligence">Medical intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_geography" title="Military geography">Military geography</a></li>

<li><a href="Technical_intelligence" title="Technical intelligence">Scientific & Technical intelligence</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Intelligence_dissemination_management" title="Intelligence dissemination management">Dissemination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Intelligence_cycle_security" title="Intelligence cycle security">Intelligence cycle security</a></li>

<li><a href="Counterintelligence" title="Counterintelligence">Counterintelligence</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_counterintelligence_organizations" title="List of counterintelligence organizations">organizations</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Counter-intelligence_and_counter-terrorism_organizations" title="Counter-intelligence and counter-terrorism organizations">Counterintelligence and counter-terrorism organizations</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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